Umbari

Umbari is the language of Umbar.

Historically, the Men of Umbar spoke Adûnaic, as direct descendants of the Men of Númenor. However, as the years went on, the Umbarrim people intermingled and mixed, both genetically and culturally, with the neighbouring Haradrim. Over the centuries, an Adûnaic-Haradrim creole language developed, and eventually replaced pure Adûnaic entirely. This creole is what is known as the Umbari language.

The Umbari language kept being influenced by the Haradrim, and the modern Umbari language is now much closer to pure Haradrim than it is to its Adûnaic roots, though there are still notable differences between the two neighbouring languages. However, the further away from Umbar Baharbêl one gets, the more similar the two languages become, eventually becoming pure Haradrim close to the border to Harad.

Word list

Word	Meaning	Maltese
adar	fast
Abâshal	Sea-opal
Aktar	Further	Aktar
Bahar	(Maltese: n. sea)	Baħar
Bahir	Sail (Maltese: n. sailor, v. to sail)	Baħħar
Baj	Shore (Maltese: n. bay)	Bajja
Bakh	Lower (Maltese: adj. low, shallow)	Baxx
Basha	Bog
Bax	Shallows (Maltese: adj. low, shallow)	Baxx
Bêl	City	Pre-Númenórean: bêl
Bidu	Dawn
Bidulêkh	Dawn-sheen
Bimai	Brutes	Bhima (pl. bhejjem)
Biri	Wells	Bir (pl. bjar)
Bîrix	Winds
Bithi	Yards	Bitħa (pl. btieħi)
Bor	Tower	Borġ
Dahak	Lies
Dar, dâr	Hall, home, house	Dar
Dêja	Tears	Dmejgħa
Del	Shadow	Dell
Deldêja	Shadow-tears
Dor	Cat
Darâkh	Drowning	Għarq
Garâdi	Corsairs
Ghad Imghêda	The Kindred Redeemed
Ghadir	Pools	Għadira (pl. għadajjar)
Ghând	Hungry	ġewħan
Ghar	Grotto (Maltese: n. cave)	Għar
Gherja	Barrens (Maltese: adj. bare, naked)	Għeri (pl. għerja)
Ghol	Upper (Maltese: adj. aloud, high, loud, tall)	Għoli
Grekhûl	Lizard	Gremxul
Hadôru	He Who Returned (Azagath Sea-shadow)
Hazê	Cruel
Hazêphen	Cruel Dancer
Hêba	Hide
Hêlsi	Freedom	ħelsien
Hophra	Burrow (Maltese: n. hole)	ħofra
Hûlaz (pl. huliz)	Fighter, gladiator
Idwa	Writhen
Iforikh	Flowering
Ilma (pl. ilmai)	Water	Ilma (pl. ilmijiet)
Ilma-ghôli	The Rising Tide
Irkant	Auction	Irkant
Iskánta	Rebuke
Jadam	Bones	Għadma (coll. għadam)
Jâsa	Dromond
Jâsh	Ship, fleet
Jeb, jêbel	Stone	ġebel (sgv. ġebla)
Jenîn	Gardens	ġnien (pl. ġonna)
Jeraf	Wisdom	Għaraf, għerf
Jid	Cavern
Jin	Black
Jin-ri	The Black Wind
Kamîr	Chamber	Kamrin
Kan	Shelter	Kenn
Kâta	Flats (Maltese: adj. flat)	ċatt (f. ċatta, pl. ċatti)
Kateb	Records
Khâb	Sepulcher
Khatûg	Slashing
Khibi	Netted
Khîl	Cape
Khím	Roads
Khîn	Grinding
Khorbo	All-seeing
Kitêb	Codex (of laws)	Ktieb, kiteb (v. to write)
Kruha	Beasts
Laja	Meeting	Laqgħa
Lakha	Gathering
Lekh	Sheen
Lipha	Serpent
Maj	Grove
Mâkhda	Fane, temple	Maqdas
Malêph (pl. malîph)	Judge	Mħallef
Mâr	Haven
Mâra	Land
Mâtrikhai	The Unseen Ones
Môkh	Beneath, under
Mol	Wharf	Moll
Mût	Dead, death	Mewt
Mût Tadaul	The Death of Light
Phadâl	Wreckage (Maltese: v. to remain, to be left over)	Fadal
Phazanêg	The Last Heir
Phen	Dancer
Pherkha	Cleft	Ferq (f. ferqa)
Phêsi	Whispers	Fesfes, tfesfis
Phetekâri	The Tale-wardens
Râhal	Ward (Maltese: n. village)	Raħal
Rapha	Tales	ħrafa (pl. ħrejjef)
Ri	Wind
Sêkhta	The Blight
Sekta	Silent
Sêma	Sky	Sema
Shedax	Jaws	Xedaq (pl. ixdqa)
Skûrja	Grim
Saûd	Black	Iswed (f. sewda)
Sotóka	Vengeance
Sûr	Citadel	Sur
Sûrja	Bastion
Tabib	Healers	Tabib (pl. tobba)
Tadaul	Light	Tidwil
Taj	Mire (Maltese: n. mud)	Tajn
Tarka	Shield	Tarka
Tilma	Cross
Tûl	Tor (Maltese: n. height, length)	Tul
Umbru	Fruitful
Zír	Island / holm	Gżira
Zîrar	Isles	Gżira (pl. gżejjer)

Places

Abamâtu - The Bay of Belfalas

Baj Khatûg - The Slashing Shore

Bâlakhat - The Devourer's Waters

Basha Ghând - The Hungry Bog

Bax Garâkh - The Drowning Shallows

Bêkhmol - The Free Wharf

Bor Sêma - The Tower of the Sky

Dakhla-Jâna - The Bay of Umbar

Dar Grekhûl - The Lizard-home

Dâr Irkant - The Auction House

Dâr Jeraf - The House of Wisdom

Dâr Laja - The Meeting-hall

Dâr Rapha - The House of Tales

Dâr Tabib - The House of Healers

Deshûkh - The Blood Market

Dil-irmíz - The Berths

Dor Pherkha - The Cat's Cleft

Dûlkar - The Shadow Market

Ghadir Sûd - The Black Pools

Ghar Jâdam - The Grotto of Bones

Ghax-hophra - The Living Burrow

Gherja Mût - The Barrens of the Dead

Grijâti - The Home of the Stranded

Hâtaphor - The Snatcher's Den

Hulzidâr - Home of the Fighters

Idwadâr - The Writhen-home

Ilmai Iforikh - The Flowering Waters

Ilmabiri - The Wells

Irkhadâr - The Sleeper

Itekh-kên - Seekers' Refuge

Jâghimsa - The Wandering Wood

Jâsh-bithi - The Ship-yards

Jâshadar - The Fleet-fast

Jeb Lipha - The Serpent-stone

Jêbel Lakha - The Gathering Stone

Jenîn Tûl - The Tor-gardens

Jid Phêsi - The Cavern of Whispers

Kamîr Kateb - The Chamber of Records

Kamrabezûr - The Vaults

Kan Skûrja - The Grim Shelter

Kâshtabil - The Crawling Tangle

Khabârkhad - The Crypts

Kruha-sûrja - Bastion Against the Beasts

Maj Khibi - The Netted Grove

Mâkhda Khorbo - The Fane of the All-Seeing

Mâr Bahir - The Sail-haven

Nishabêt - Weavers' Nest

Phadâl Bimai - The Wreckage of the Brutes

Râhal Bakh - The Lower Ward

Râhal Ghol - The Upper Ward

Sektakhâb - The Silent Sepulcher

Shedax Khîn - The Grinding Jaws

Sûr Bîrix - The Citadel of Winds

Taj-kâta - The Mire Flats

Tâkhdar - The Cellars

Thargushakâl - The Shoreward Stone

Tilmakhím - the Cross-roads

Umbar-môkh - The 'Neaths of Umbar

Umbarkhîl - The Cape of Umbar

Umbru-mâra - the Fruitful Land (Umbar)

Zír Aktar - Furtherholm

Zîrar Tarka - The Shield Isles