Umbari

Umbari is the language of Umbar.

Historically, the Men of Umbar spoke Adûnaic, as direct descendants of the Men of Númenor. However, as the years went on, the Umbarrim people intermingled and mixed, both genetically and culturally, with the neighbouring Haradrim. Over the centuries, an Adûnaic-Haradrim creole language developed, and eventually replaced pure Adûnaic entirely. This creole is what is known as the Umbari language.

The Umbari language kept being influenced by the Haradrim, and the modern Umbari language is now much closer to pure Haradrim than it is to its Adûnaic roots, though there are still notable differences between the two neighbouring languages. However, the further away from Umbar Baharbêl one gets, the more similar the two languages becomes, eventually becoming pure Haradrim close to the border to Harad.

Common Terms

Word	Meaning	Maltese
adar	fast
bahar	(Maltese: n. sea)	baħar
bahir	sail (Maltese: n. sailor, v. to sail)	baħħar
baj	shore (Maltese: n. bay)	bajja
bakh	lower (Maltese: adj. low, shallow)	baxx
basha	bog
bax	shallows (Maltese: adj. low, shallow)	baxx
bêl		Pre-Númenórean: bêl
bimai	brutes	bhima (pl. bhejjem)
biri	wells	bir (pl. bjar)
bîrix	winds
bithi	yards	bitħa (pl. btieħi)
bor	tower	borġ
dar, dâr	hall, home, house	dar
dêja	tears	dmejgħa
del	shadow	dell
dor	cat
garâkh	drowning	għarq
ghadir	pools	għadira (pl. għadajjar)
ghând	hungry	ġewħan
ghar	grotto (Maltese: n. cave)	għar
gherja	barrens (Maltese: adj. bare, naked)	għeri (pl. għerja)
ghol	upper (Maltese: adj. aloud, high, loud, tall)	għoli
grekhûl	lizard	gremxul
hêlsi	freedom	ħelsien
hophra	burrow (Maltese: n. hole)	ħofra
hûlaz (pl. hulzi)	fighter
idwa	writhen
iforikh	flowering
ilma (pl. ilmai)	water	ilma (pl. ilmijiet)
irkant	auction	irkant
iskánta	rebuke
jadam	bones	għadma (coll. għadam)
jâsh	ship, fleet
jeb, jêbel	stone	ġebel (sgv. ġebla)
jenîn	gardens	ġnien (pl. ġonna)
jeraf	wisdom	għaraf, għerf
jid	cavern
kamîr	chamber	kamrin
kan	shelter	kenn
kâta	flats (Maltese: adj. flat)	ċatt (f. ċatta, pl. ċatti)
kateb	records
khatûg	slashing
khibi	netted
khîl	cape
khîn	grinding
khorbo	all-seeing
kitêb	codex (of laws)	ktieb, kiteb (v. to write)
laja	meeting	laqgħa
lakha	gathering
lipha	serpent
maj	grove
malêph	judge	mħallef
mâkhda	fane	maqdas
mâr	haven
môkh	beneath
mol	wharf	moll
mût	dead, death	mewt
phadâl	wreckage (Maltese: v. to remain, to be left over)	fadal
pherkha	cleft	ferq (f. ferqa)
phêsi	whispers	fesfes, tfesfis
râhal	ward (Maltese: n. village)	raħal
rapha	tales	ħrafa (pl. ħrejjef)
sêma	sky	sema
shedax	jaws	xedaq (pl. ixdqa)
skûrja	grim
sûd	black	iswed (f. sewda)
sûr	citadel	sur
tabib	healers	tabib (pl. tobba)
tadaul	light	tidwil
taj	mire (Maltese: n. mud)	tajn
tarka	shield	tarka
tûl	tor (Maltese: n. height, length)	tul
zîrar	isles	gżira (pl. gżejjer)

Events

Mût Tadaul - The Death of Light

Materials

Abâshal - Sea-opal

Bidulêkh - Dawn-sheen

Deldêja - Shadow-tears

People

Hadôru - He Who Returned

Phetekâri - The Tale-wardens

Places

Baj Khatûg - The Slashing Shore

Bâlakhat - The Devourer's Waters

Basha Ghând - The Hungry Bog

Bax Garâkh - The Drowning Shallows

Bêkhmol - The Free Wharf

Bor Sêma - The Tower of the Sky

Dar Grekhûl - The Lizard-home

Dâr Irkant - The Auction House

Dâr Jeraf - The House of Wisdom

Dâr Laja - The Meeting-hall

Dâr Rapha - The House of Tales

Dâr Tabib - The House of Healers

Dil-irmíz - The Berths

Dor Pherkha - The Cat's Cleft

Dûlkar - The Shadow Market

Ghadir Sûd - The Black Pools

Ghar Jâdam - The Grotto of Bones

Ghax-hophra - The Living Burrow

Gherja Mût - The Barrens of the Dead

Grijâti - The Home of the Stranded

Hâtaphor - The Snatcher's Den

Hulzidâr - Home of the Fighters

Idwadâr - The Writhen-home

Ilmai Iforikh - The Flowering Waters

Ilmabiri - The Wells

Irkhadâr - The Sleeper

Itekh-kên - Seekers' Refuge

Jâghimsa - The Wandering Wood

Jâsh-bithi - The Ship-yards

Jâshadar - The Fleet-fast

Jeb Lipha - The Serpent-stone

Jêbel Lakha - The Gathering Stone

Jenîn Tûl - The Tor-gardens

Jid Phêsi - The Cavern of Whispers

Kamîr Kateb - The Chamber of Records

Kamrabezûr - The Vaults

Kan Skûrja - The Grim Shelter

Kâshtabil - The Crawling Tangle

Khabârkhad - The Crypts

Kruha-sûrja - Bastion Against the Beasts

Maj Khibi - The Netted Grove

Mâkhda Khorbo - The Fane of the All-Seeing

Mâr Bahir - The Sail-haven

Nishabêt - Weavers' Nest

Phadâl Bimai - The Wreckage of the Brutes

Râhal Bakh - The Lower Ward

Râhal Ghol - The Upper Ward

Shedax Khîn - The Grinding Jaws

Sûr Bîrix - The Citadel of Winds

Taj-kâta - The Mire Flats

Tâkhdar - The Cellars

Thargushakâl - The Shoreward Stone

Umbar-môkh - The 'Neaths of Umbar

Umbarkhîl - The Cape of Umbar

Zîrar Tarka - The Shield Isles

Ships

Iskánta - Rebuke