Hobgoblins
Lore
Hobgoblins, a type of Orc, are a rare anomaly in Middle-earth, so much so that their origins are unknown. What is known is that they are usually stronger than regular Goblins and Orcs, so possibly they are a failure to create an Uruk in the Dark Lord's breeding experiments. Another possibility is that they are an exceptionally large breed of Goblin of the Grey Mountains that were the ancestors of the Uruks. Whatever the case, the Hobgoblins are a hulking, brutish species sporting long hair and tusk-like teeth. They often serve as overseers of smaller orc breeds. Many Hobgoblins belong to a clan known as the Frost-bound and possess the power to conjure blizzards and storms. They are often allied with the Frost-horde, the Cold-drakes of the north.
One of the Hobgoblins, Shárnakh, took over part of Goblin-town, before being ousted by the true king, who was then killed in the revenge of the Great Goblin. There are other Hobgoblins in Elderslade and the Floodfells as well.
Background
J.R.R. Tolkien mentions hobgoblins in The Hobbit, stating that the Grey Mountains were filled with "goblins, hobgoblins, and orcs of the worst description." While the term "hobgoblin" appeared to refer to the larger breeds of goblins, Tolkien later admitted that this was a "reverse of the original truth," as hobgoblins in European folklore are usually small and mischievous creatures.
A list of all known sightings of Hobgoblins.